| Current File : //usr/local/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/pandas/core/strings.py |
import codecs
from functools import wraps
import re
import textwrap
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Dict, List, Pattern, Type, Union
import warnings
import numpy as np
import pandas._libs.lib as lib
import pandas._libs.missing as libmissing
import pandas._libs.ops as libops
from pandas._typing import ArrayLike, Dtype, Scalar
from pandas.util._decorators import Appender
from pandas.core.dtypes.common import (
ensure_object,
is_bool_dtype,
is_categorical_dtype,
is_extension_array_dtype,
is_integer,
is_integer_dtype,
is_list_like,
is_object_dtype,
is_re,
is_scalar,
is_string_dtype,
)
from pandas.core.dtypes.generic import (
ABCDataFrame,
ABCIndexClass,
ABCMultiIndex,
ABCSeries,
)
from pandas.core.dtypes.missing import isna
from pandas.core.algorithms import take_1d
from pandas.core.base import NoNewAttributesMixin
from pandas.core.construction import extract_array
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from pandas.arrays import StringArray
_cpython_optimized_encoders = (
"utf-8",
"utf8",
"latin-1",
"latin1",
"iso-8859-1",
"mbcs",
"ascii",
)
_cpython_optimized_decoders = _cpython_optimized_encoders + ("utf-16", "utf-32")
_shared_docs: Dict[str, str] = dict()
def cat_core(list_of_columns: List, sep: str):
"""
Auxiliary function for :meth:`str.cat`
Parameters
----------
list_of_columns : list of numpy arrays
List of arrays to be concatenated with sep;
these arrays may not contain NaNs!
sep : string
The separator string for concatenating the columns.
Returns
-------
nd.array
The concatenation of list_of_columns with sep.
"""
if sep == "":
# no need to interleave sep if it is empty
arr_of_cols = np.asarray(list_of_columns, dtype=object)
return np.sum(arr_of_cols, axis=0)
list_with_sep = [sep] * (2 * len(list_of_columns) - 1)
list_with_sep[::2] = list_of_columns
arr_with_sep = np.asarray(list_with_sep, dtype=object)
return np.sum(arr_with_sep, axis=0)
def cat_safe(list_of_columns: List, sep: str):
"""
Auxiliary function for :meth:`str.cat`.
Same signature as cat_core, but handles TypeErrors in concatenation, which
happen if the arrays in list_of columns have the wrong dtypes or content.
Parameters
----------
list_of_columns : list of numpy arrays
List of arrays to be concatenated with sep;
these arrays may not contain NaNs!
sep : string
The separator string for concatenating the columns.
Returns
-------
nd.array
The concatenation of list_of_columns with sep.
"""
try:
result = cat_core(list_of_columns, sep)
except TypeError:
# if there are any non-string values (wrong dtype or hidden behind
# object dtype), np.sum will fail; catch and return with better message
for column in list_of_columns:
dtype = lib.infer_dtype(column, skipna=True)
if dtype not in ["string", "empty"]:
raise TypeError(
"Concatenation requires list-likes containing only "
"strings (or missing values). Offending values found in "
f"column {dtype}"
) from None
return result
def _na_map(f, arr, na_result=None, dtype=np.dtype(object)):
if is_extension_array_dtype(arr.dtype):
if na_result is None:
na_result = libmissing.NA
# just StringDtype
arr = extract_array(arr)
return _map_stringarray(f, arr, na_value=na_result, dtype=dtype)
if na_result is None:
na_result = np.nan
return _map_object(f, arr, na_mask=True, na_value=na_result, dtype=dtype)
def _map_stringarray(
func: Callable[[str], Any], arr: "StringArray", na_value: Any, dtype: Dtype
) -> ArrayLike:
"""
Map a callable over valid elements of a StringArray.
Parameters
----------
func : Callable[[str], Any]
Apply to each valid element.
arr : StringArray
na_value : Any
The value to use for missing values. By default, this is
the original value (NA).
dtype : Dtype
The result dtype to use. Specifying this avoids an intermediate
object-dtype allocation.
Returns
-------
ArrayLike
An ExtensionArray for integer or string dtypes, otherwise
an ndarray.
"""
from pandas.arrays import BooleanArray, IntegerArray, StringArray
mask = isna(arr)
assert isinstance(arr, StringArray)
arr = np.asarray(arr)
if is_integer_dtype(dtype) or is_bool_dtype(dtype):
constructor: Union[Type[IntegerArray], Type[BooleanArray]]
if is_integer_dtype(dtype):
constructor = IntegerArray
else:
constructor = BooleanArray
na_value_is_na = isna(na_value)
if na_value_is_na:
na_value = 1
result = lib.map_infer_mask(
arr,
func,
mask.view("uint8"),
convert=False,
na_value=na_value,
dtype=np.dtype(dtype),
)
if not na_value_is_na:
mask[:] = False
return constructor(result, mask)
elif is_string_dtype(dtype) and not is_object_dtype(dtype):
# i.e. StringDtype
result = lib.map_infer_mask(
arr, func, mask.view("uint8"), convert=False, na_value=na_value
)
return StringArray(result)
else:
# This is when the result type is object. We reach this when
# -> We know the result type is truly object (e.g. .encode returns bytes
# or .findall returns a list).
# -> We don't know the result type. E.g. `.get` can return anything.
return lib.map_infer_mask(arr, func, mask.view("uint8"))
def _map_object(f, arr, na_mask=False, na_value=np.nan, dtype=np.dtype(object)):
if not len(arr):
return np.ndarray(0, dtype=dtype)
if isinstance(arr, ABCSeries):
arr = arr._values # TODO: extract_array?
if not isinstance(arr, np.ndarray):
arr = np.asarray(arr, dtype=object)
if na_mask:
mask = isna(arr)
convert = not np.all(mask)
try:
result = lib.map_infer_mask(arr, f, mask.view(np.uint8), convert)
except (TypeError, AttributeError) as e:
# Reraise the exception if callable `f` got wrong number of args.
# The user may want to be warned by this, instead of getting NaN
p_err = (
r"((takes)|(missing)) (?(2)from \d+ to )?\d+ "
r"(?(3)required )positional arguments?"
)
if len(e.args) >= 1 and re.search(p_err, e.args[0]):
# FIXME: this should be totally avoidable
raise e
def g(x):
try:
return f(x)
except (TypeError, AttributeError):
return na_value
return _map_object(g, arr, dtype=dtype)
if na_value is not np.nan:
np.putmask(result, mask, na_value)
if result.dtype == object:
result = lib.maybe_convert_objects(result)
return result
else:
return lib.map_infer(arr, f)
def str_count(arr, pat, flags=0):
"""
Count occurrences of pattern in each string of the Series/Index.
This function is used to count the number of times a particular regex
pattern is repeated in each of the string elements of the
:class:`~pandas.Series`.
Parameters
----------
pat : str
Valid regular expression.
flags : int, default 0, meaning no flags
Flags for the `re` module. For a complete list, `see here
<https://docs.python.org/3/howto/regex.html#compilation-flags>`_.
**kwargs
For compatibility with other string methods. Not used.
Returns
-------
Series or Index
Same type as the calling object containing the integer counts.
See Also
--------
re : Standard library module for regular expressions.
str.count : Standard library version, without regular expression support.
Notes
-----
Some characters need to be escaped when passing in `pat`.
eg. ``'$'`` has a special meaning in regex and must be escaped when
finding this literal character.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(['A', 'B', 'Aaba', 'Baca', np.nan, 'CABA', 'cat'])
>>> s.str.count('a')
0 0.0
1 0.0
2 2.0
3 2.0
4 NaN
5 0.0
6 1.0
dtype: float64
Escape ``'$'`` to find the literal dollar sign.
>>> s = pd.Series(['$', 'B', 'Aab$', '$$ca', 'C$B$', 'cat'])
>>> s.str.count('\\$')
0 1
1 0
2 1
3 2
4 2
5 0
dtype: int64
This is also available on Index
>>> pd.Index(['A', 'A', 'Aaba', 'cat']).str.count('a')
Int64Index([0, 0, 2, 1], dtype='int64')
"""
regex = re.compile(pat, flags=flags)
f = lambda x: len(regex.findall(x))
return _na_map(f, arr, dtype="int64")
def str_contains(arr, pat, case=True, flags=0, na=np.nan, regex=True):
"""
Test if pattern or regex is contained within a string of a Series or Index.
Return boolean Series or Index based on whether a given pattern or regex is
contained within a string of a Series or Index.
Parameters
----------
pat : str
Character sequence or regular expression.
case : bool, default True
If True, case sensitive.
flags : int, default 0 (no flags)
Flags to pass through to the re module, e.g. re.IGNORECASE.
na : default NaN
Fill value for missing values.
regex : bool, default True
If True, assumes the pat is a regular expression.
If False, treats the pat as a literal string.
Returns
-------
Series or Index of boolean values
A Series or Index of boolean values indicating whether the
given pattern is contained within the string of each element
of the Series or Index.
See Also
--------
match : Analogous, but stricter, relying on re.match instead of re.search.
Series.str.startswith : Test if the start of each string element matches a
pattern.
Series.str.endswith : Same as startswith, but tests the end of string.
Examples
--------
Returning a Series of booleans using only a literal pattern.
>>> s1 = pd.Series(['Mouse', 'dog', 'house and parrot', '23', np.NaN])
>>> s1.str.contains('og', regex=False)
0 False
1 True
2 False
3 False
4 NaN
dtype: object
Returning an Index of booleans using only a literal pattern.
>>> ind = pd.Index(['Mouse', 'dog', 'house and parrot', '23.0', np.NaN])
>>> ind.str.contains('23', regex=False)
Index([False, False, False, True, nan], dtype='object')
Specifying case sensitivity using `case`.
>>> s1.str.contains('oG', case=True, regex=True)
0 False
1 False
2 False
3 False
4 NaN
dtype: object
Specifying `na` to be `False` instead of `NaN` replaces NaN values
with `False`. If Series or Index does not contain NaN values
the resultant dtype will be `bool`, otherwise, an `object` dtype.
>>> s1.str.contains('og', na=False, regex=True)
0 False
1 True
2 False
3 False
4 False
dtype: bool
Returning 'house' or 'dog' when either expression occurs in a string.
>>> s1.str.contains('house|dog', regex=True)
0 False
1 True
2 True
3 False
4 NaN
dtype: object
Ignoring case sensitivity using `flags` with regex.
>>> import re
>>> s1.str.contains('PARROT', flags=re.IGNORECASE, regex=True)
0 False
1 False
2 True
3 False
4 NaN
dtype: object
Returning any digit using regular expression.
>>> s1.str.contains('\\d', regex=True)
0 False
1 False
2 False
3 True
4 NaN
dtype: object
Ensure `pat` is a not a literal pattern when `regex` is set to True.
Note in the following example one might expect only `s2[1]` and `s2[3]` to
return `True`. However, '.0' as a regex matches any character
followed by a 0.
>>> s2 = pd.Series(['40', '40.0', '41', '41.0', '35'])
>>> s2.str.contains('.0', regex=True)
0 True
1 True
2 False
3 True
4 False
dtype: bool
"""
if regex:
if not case:
flags |= re.IGNORECASE
regex = re.compile(pat, flags=flags)
if regex.groups > 0:
warnings.warn(
"This pattern has match groups. To actually get the "
"groups, use str.extract.",
UserWarning,
stacklevel=3,
)
f = lambda x: regex.search(x) is not None
else:
if case:
f = lambda x: pat in x
else:
upper_pat = pat.upper()
f = lambda x: upper_pat in x
uppered = _na_map(lambda x: x.upper(), arr)
return _na_map(f, uppered, na, dtype=np.dtype(bool))
return _na_map(f, arr, na, dtype=np.dtype(bool))
def str_startswith(arr, pat, na=np.nan):
"""
Test if the start of each string element matches a pattern.
Equivalent to :meth:`str.startswith`.
Parameters
----------
pat : str
Character sequence. Regular expressions are not accepted.
na : object, default NaN
Object shown if element tested is not a string.
Returns
-------
Series or Index of bool
A Series of booleans indicating whether the given pattern matches
the start of each string element.
See Also
--------
str.startswith : Python standard library string method.
Series.str.endswith : Same as startswith, but tests the end of string.
Series.str.contains : Tests if string element contains a pattern.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(['bat', 'Bear', 'cat', np.nan])
>>> s
0 bat
1 Bear
2 cat
3 NaN
dtype: object
>>> s.str.startswith('b')
0 True
1 False
2 False
3 NaN
dtype: object
Specifying `na` to be `False` instead of `NaN`.
>>> s.str.startswith('b', na=False)
0 True
1 False
2 False
3 False
dtype: bool
"""
f = lambda x: x.startswith(pat)
return _na_map(f, arr, na, dtype=np.dtype(bool))
def str_endswith(arr, pat, na=np.nan):
"""
Test if the end of each string element matches a pattern.
Equivalent to :meth:`str.endswith`.
Parameters
----------
pat : str
Character sequence. Regular expressions are not accepted.
na : object, default NaN
Object shown if element tested is not a string.
Returns
-------
Series or Index of bool
A Series of booleans indicating whether the given pattern matches
the end of each string element.
See Also
--------
str.endswith : Python standard library string method.
Series.str.startswith : Same as endswith, but tests the start of string.
Series.str.contains : Tests if string element contains a pattern.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(['bat', 'bear', 'caT', np.nan])
>>> s
0 bat
1 bear
2 caT
3 NaN
dtype: object
>>> s.str.endswith('t')
0 True
1 False
2 False
3 NaN
dtype: object
Specifying `na` to be `False` instead of `NaN`.
>>> s.str.endswith('t', na=False)
0 True
1 False
2 False
3 False
dtype: bool
"""
f = lambda x: x.endswith(pat)
return _na_map(f, arr, na, dtype=np.dtype(bool))
def str_replace(arr, pat, repl, n=-1, case=None, flags=0, regex=True):
r"""
Replace each occurrence of pattern/regex in the Series/Index.
Equivalent to :meth:`str.replace` or :func:`re.sub`, depending on the regex value.
Parameters
----------
pat : str or compiled regex
String can be a character sequence or regular expression.
repl : str or callable
Replacement string or a callable. The callable is passed the regex
match object and must return a replacement string to be used.
See :func:`re.sub`.
n : int, default -1 (all)
Number of replacements to make from start.
case : bool, default None
Determines if replace is case sensitive:
- If True, case sensitive (the default if `pat` is a string)
- Set to False for case insensitive
- Cannot be set if `pat` is a compiled regex.
flags : int, default 0 (no flags)
Regex module flags, e.g. re.IGNORECASE. Cannot be set if `pat` is a compiled
regex.
regex : bool, default True
Determines if assumes the passed-in pattern is a regular expression:
- If True, assumes the passed-in pattern is a regular expression.
- If False, treats the pattern as a literal string
- Cannot be set to False if `pat` is a compiled regex or `repl` is
a callable.
.. versionadded:: 0.23.0
Returns
-------
Series or Index of object
A copy of the object with all matching occurrences of `pat` replaced by
`repl`.
Raises
------
ValueError
* if `regex` is False and `repl` is a callable or `pat` is a compiled
regex
* if `pat` is a compiled regex and `case` or `flags` is set
Notes
-----
When `pat` is a compiled regex, all flags should be included in the
compiled regex. Use of `case`, `flags`, or `regex=False` with a compiled
regex will raise an error.
Examples
--------
When `pat` is a string and `regex` is True (the default), the given `pat`
is compiled as a regex. When `repl` is a string, it replaces matching
regex patterns as with :meth:`re.sub`. NaN value(s) in the Series are
left as is:
>>> pd.Series(['foo', 'fuz', np.nan]).str.replace('f.', 'ba', regex=True)
0 bao
1 baz
2 NaN
dtype: object
When `pat` is a string and `regex` is False, every `pat` is replaced with
`repl` as with :meth:`str.replace`:
>>> pd.Series(['f.o', 'fuz', np.nan]).str.replace('f.', 'ba', regex=False)
0 bao
1 fuz
2 NaN
dtype: object
When `repl` is a callable, it is called on every `pat` using
:func:`re.sub`. The callable should expect one positional argument
(a regex object) and return a string.
To get the idea:
>>> pd.Series(['foo', 'fuz', np.nan]).str.replace('f', repr)
0 <re.Match object; span=(0, 1), match='f'>oo
1 <re.Match object; span=(0, 1), match='f'>uz
2 NaN
dtype: object
Reverse every lowercase alphabetic word:
>>> repl = lambda m: m.group(0)[::-1]
>>> pd.Series(['foo 123', 'bar baz', np.nan]).str.replace(r'[a-z]+', repl)
0 oof 123
1 rab zab
2 NaN
dtype: object
Using regex groups (extract second group and swap case):
>>> pat = r"(?P<one>\w+) (?P<two>\w+) (?P<three>\w+)"
>>> repl = lambda m: m.group('two').swapcase()
>>> pd.Series(['One Two Three', 'Foo Bar Baz']).str.replace(pat, repl)
0 tWO
1 bAR
dtype: object
Using a compiled regex with flags
>>> import re
>>> regex_pat = re.compile(r'FUZ', flags=re.IGNORECASE)
>>> pd.Series(['foo', 'fuz', np.nan]).str.replace(regex_pat, 'bar')
0 foo
1 bar
2 NaN
dtype: object
"""
# Check whether repl is valid (GH 13438, GH 15055)
if not (isinstance(repl, str) or callable(repl)):
raise TypeError("repl must be a string or callable")
is_compiled_re = is_re(pat)
if regex:
if is_compiled_re:
if (case is not None) or (flags != 0):
raise ValueError(
"case and flags cannot be set when pat is a compiled regex"
)
else:
# not a compiled regex
# set default case
if case is None:
case = True
# add case flag, if provided
if case is False:
flags |= re.IGNORECASE
if is_compiled_re or len(pat) > 1 or flags or callable(repl):
n = n if n >= 0 else 0
compiled = re.compile(pat, flags=flags)
f = lambda x: compiled.sub(repl=repl, string=x, count=n)
else:
f = lambda x: x.replace(pat, repl, n)
else:
if is_compiled_re:
raise ValueError(
"Cannot use a compiled regex as replacement pattern with regex=False"
)
if callable(repl):
raise ValueError("Cannot use a callable replacement when regex=False")
f = lambda x: x.replace(pat, repl, n)
return _na_map(f, arr, dtype=str)
def str_repeat(arr, repeats):
"""
Duplicate each string in the Series or Index.
Parameters
----------
repeats : int or sequence of int
Same value for all (int) or different value per (sequence).
Returns
-------
Series or Index of object
Series or Index of repeated string objects specified by
input parameter repeats.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(['a', 'b', 'c'])
>>> s
0 a
1 b
2 c
dtype: object
Single int repeats string in Series
>>> s.str.repeat(repeats=2)
0 aa
1 bb
2 cc
dtype: object
Sequence of int repeats corresponding string in Series
>>> s.str.repeat(repeats=[1, 2, 3])
0 a
1 bb
2 ccc
dtype: object
"""
if is_scalar(repeats):
def scalar_rep(x):
try:
return bytes.__mul__(x, repeats)
except TypeError:
return str.__mul__(x, repeats)
return _na_map(scalar_rep, arr, dtype=str)
else:
def rep(x, r):
if x is libmissing.NA:
return x
try:
return bytes.__mul__(x, r)
except TypeError:
return str.__mul__(x, r)
repeats = np.asarray(repeats, dtype=object)
result = libops.vec_binop(np.asarray(arr), repeats, rep)
return result
def str_match(
arr: ArrayLike,
pat: Union[str, Pattern],
case: bool = True,
flags: int = 0,
na: Scalar = np.nan,
):
"""
Determine if each string starts with a match of a regular expression.
Parameters
----------
pat : str
Character sequence or regular expression.
case : bool, default True
If True, case sensitive.
flags : int, default 0 (no flags)
Regex module flags, e.g. re.IGNORECASE.
na : default NaN
Fill value for missing values.
Returns
-------
Series/array of boolean values
See Also
--------
fullmatch : Stricter matching that requires the entire string to match.
contains : Analogous, but less strict, relying on re.search instead of
re.match.
extract : Extract matched groups.
"""
if not case:
flags |= re.IGNORECASE
regex = re.compile(pat, flags=flags)
f = lambda x: regex.match(x) is not None
return _na_map(f, arr, na, dtype=np.dtype(bool))
def str_fullmatch(
arr: ArrayLike,
pat: Union[str, Pattern],
case: bool = True,
flags: int = 0,
na: Scalar = np.nan,
):
"""
Determine if each string entirely matches a regular expression.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.0
Parameters
----------
pat : str
Character sequence or regular expression.
case : bool, default True
If True, case sensitive.
flags : int, default 0 (no flags)
Regex module flags, e.g. re.IGNORECASE.
na : default NaN
Fill value for missing values.
Returns
-------
Series/array of boolean values
See Also
--------
match : Similar, but also returns `True` when only a *prefix* of the string
matches the regular expression.
extract : Extract matched groups.
"""
if not case:
flags |= re.IGNORECASE
regex = re.compile(pat, flags=flags)
f = lambda x: regex.fullmatch(x) is not None
return _na_map(f, arr, na, dtype=np.dtype(bool))
def _get_single_group_name(rx):
try:
return list(rx.groupindex.keys()).pop()
except IndexError:
return None
def _groups_or_na_fun(regex):
"""Used in both extract_noexpand and extract_frame"""
if regex.groups == 0:
raise ValueError("pattern contains no capture groups")
empty_row = [np.nan] * regex.groups
def f(x):
if not isinstance(x, str):
return empty_row
m = regex.search(x)
if m:
return [np.nan if item is None else item for item in m.groups()]
else:
return empty_row
return f
def _result_dtype(arr):
# workaround #27953
# ideally we just pass `dtype=arr.dtype` unconditionally, but this fails
# when the list of values is empty.
if arr.dtype.name == "string":
return "string"
else:
return object
def _str_extract_noexpand(arr, pat, flags=0):
"""
Find groups in each string in the Series using passed regular
expression. This function is called from
str_extract(expand=False), and can return Series, DataFrame, or
Index.
"""
from pandas import DataFrame
regex = re.compile(pat, flags=flags)
groups_or_na = _groups_or_na_fun(regex)
if regex.groups == 1:
result = np.array([groups_or_na(val)[0] for val in arr], dtype=object)
name = _get_single_group_name(regex)
else:
if isinstance(arr, ABCIndexClass):
raise ValueError("only one regex group is supported with Index")
name = None
names = dict(zip(regex.groupindex.values(), regex.groupindex.keys()))
columns = [names.get(1 + i, i) for i in range(regex.groups)]
if arr.empty:
result = DataFrame(columns=columns, dtype=object)
else:
dtype = _result_dtype(arr)
result = DataFrame(
[groups_or_na(val) for val in arr],
columns=columns,
index=arr.index,
dtype=dtype,
)
return result, name
def _str_extract_frame(arr, pat, flags=0):
"""
For each subject string in the Series, extract groups from the
first match of regular expression pat. This function is called from
str_extract(expand=True), and always returns a DataFrame.
"""
from pandas import DataFrame
regex = re.compile(pat, flags=flags)
groups_or_na = _groups_or_na_fun(regex)
names = dict(zip(regex.groupindex.values(), regex.groupindex.keys()))
columns = [names.get(1 + i, i) for i in range(regex.groups)]
if len(arr) == 0:
return DataFrame(columns=columns, dtype=object)
try:
result_index = arr.index
except AttributeError:
result_index = None
dtype = _result_dtype(arr)
return DataFrame(
[groups_or_na(val) for val in arr],
columns=columns,
index=result_index,
dtype=dtype,
)
def str_extract(arr, pat, flags=0, expand=True):
r"""
Extract capture groups in the regex `pat` as columns in a DataFrame.
For each subject string in the Series, extract groups from the
first match of regular expression `pat`.
Parameters
----------
pat : str
Regular expression pattern with capturing groups.
flags : int, default 0 (no flags)
Flags from the ``re`` module, e.g. ``re.IGNORECASE``, that
modify regular expression matching for things like case,
spaces, etc. For more details, see :mod:`re`.
expand : bool, default True
If True, return DataFrame with one column per capture group.
If False, return a Series/Index if there is one capture group
or DataFrame if there are multiple capture groups.
Returns
-------
DataFrame or Series or Index
A DataFrame with one row for each subject string, and one
column for each group. Any capture group names in regular
expression pat will be used for column names; otherwise
capture group numbers will be used. The dtype of each result
column is always object, even when no match is found. If
``expand=False`` and pat has only one capture group, then
return a Series (if subject is a Series) or Index (if subject
is an Index).
See Also
--------
extractall : Returns all matches (not just the first match).
Examples
--------
A pattern with two groups will return a DataFrame with two columns.
Non-matches will be NaN.
>>> s = pd.Series(['a1', 'b2', 'c3'])
>>> s.str.extract(r'([ab])(\d)')
0 1
0 a 1
1 b 2
2 NaN NaN
A pattern may contain optional groups.
>>> s.str.extract(r'([ab])?(\d)')
0 1
0 a 1
1 b 2
2 NaN 3
Named groups will become column names in the result.
>>> s.str.extract(r'(?P<letter>[ab])(?P<digit>\d)')
letter digit
0 a 1
1 b 2
2 NaN NaN
A pattern with one group will return a DataFrame with one column
if expand=True.
>>> s.str.extract(r'[ab](\d)', expand=True)
0
0 1
1 2
2 NaN
A pattern with one group will return a Series if expand=False.
>>> s.str.extract(r'[ab](\d)', expand=False)
0 1
1 2
2 NaN
dtype: object
"""
if not isinstance(expand, bool):
raise ValueError("expand must be True or False")
if expand:
return _str_extract_frame(arr._orig, pat, flags=flags)
else:
result, name = _str_extract_noexpand(arr._parent, pat, flags=flags)
return arr._wrap_result(result, name=name, expand=expand)
def str_extractall(arr, pat, flags=0):
r"""
Extract capture groups in the regex `pat` as columns in DataFrame.
For each subject string in the Series, extract groups from all
matches of regular expression pat. When each subject string in the
Series has exactly one match, extractall(pat).xs(0, level='match')
is the same as extract(pat).
Parameters
----------
pat : str
Regular expression pattern with capturing groups.
flags : int, default 0 (no flags)
A ``re`` module flag, for example ``re.IGNORECASE``. These allow
to modify regular expression matching for things like case, spaces,
etc. Multiple flags can be combined with the bitwise OR operator,
for example ``re.IGNORECASE | re.MULTILINE``.
Returns
-------
DataFrame
A ``DataFrame`` with one row for each match, and one column for each
group. Its rows have a ``MultiIndex`` with first levels that come from
the subject ``Series``. The last level is named 'match' and indexes the
matches in each item of the ``Series``. Any capture group names in
regular expression pat will be used for column names; otherwise capture
group numbers will be used.
See Also
--------
extract : Returns first match only (not all matches).
Examples
--------
A pattern with one group will return a DataFrame with one column.
Indices with no matches will not appear in the result.
>>> s = pd.Series(["a1a2", "b1", "c1"], index=["A", "B", "C"])
>>> s.str.extractall(r"[ab](\d)")
0
match
A 0 1
1 2
B 0 1
Capture group names are used for column names of the result.
>>> s.str.extractall(r"[ab](?P<digit>\d)")
digit
match
A 0 1
1 2
B 0 1
A pattern with two groups will return a DataFrame with two columns.
>>> s.str.extractall(r"(?P<letter>[ab])(?P<digit>\d)")
letter digit
match
A 0 a 1
1 a 2
B 0 b 1
Optional groups that do not match are NaN in the result.
>>> s.str.extractall(r"(?P<letter>[ab])?(?P<digit>\d)")
letter digit
match
A 0 a 1
1 a 2
B 0 b 1
C 0 NaN 1
"""
regex = re.compile(pat, flags=flags)
# the regex must contain capture groups.
if regex.groups == 0:
raise ValueError("pattern contains no capture groups")
if isinstance(arr, ABCIndexClass):
arr = arr.to_series().reset_index(drop=True)
names = dict(zip(regex.groupindex.values(), regex.groupindex.keys()))
columns = [names.get(1 + i, i) for i in range(regex.groups)]
match_list = []
index_list = []
is_mi = arr.index.nlevels > 1
for subject_key, subject in arr.items():
if isinstance(subject, str):
if not is_mi:
subject_key = (subject_key,)
for match_i, match_tuple in enumerate(regex.findall(subject)):
if isinstance(match_tuple, str):
match_tuple = (match_tuple,)
na_tuple = [np.NaN if group == "" else group for group in match_tuple]
match_list.append(na_tuple)
result_key = tuple(subject_key + (match_i,))
index_list.append(result_key)
from pandas import MultiIndex
index = MultiIndex.from_tuples(index_list, names=arr.index.names + ["match"])
dtype = _result_dtype(arr)
result = arr._constructor_expanddim(
match_list, index=index, columns=columns, dtype=dtype
)
return result
def str_get_dummies(arr, sep="|"):
"""
Return DataFrame of dummy/indicator variables for Series.
Each string in Series is split by sep and returned as a DataFrame
of dummy/indicator variables.
Parameters
----------
sep : str, default "|"
String to split on.
Returns
-------
DataFrame
Dummy variables corresponding to values of the Series.
See Also
--------
get_dummies : Convert categorical variable into dummy/indicator
variables.
Examples
--------
>>> pd.Series(['a|b', 'a', 'a|c']).str.get_dummies()
a b c
0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0
2 1 0 1
>>> pd.Series(['a|b', np.nan, 'a|c']).str.get_dummies()
a b c
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
2 1 0 1
"""
arr = arr.fillna("")
try:
arr = sep + arr + sep
except TypeError:
arr = sep + arr.astype(str) + sep
tags = set()
for ts in arr.str.split(sep):
tags.update(ts)
tags = sorted(tags - {""})
dummies = np.empty((len(arr), len(tags)), dtype=np.int64)
for i, t in enumerate(tags):
pat = sep + t + sep
dummies[:, i] = lib.map_infer(arr.to_numpy(), lambda x: pat in x)
return dummies, tags
def str_join(arr, sep):
"""
Join lists contained as elements in the Series/Index with passed delimiter.
If the elements of a Series are lists themselves, join the content of these
lists using the delimiter passed to the function.
This function is an equivalent to :meth:`str.join`.
Parameters
----------
sep : str
Delimiter to use between list entries.
Returns
-------
Series/Index: object
The list entries concatenated by intervening occurrences of the
delimiter.
Raises
------
AttributeError
If the supplied Series contains neither strings nor lists.
See Also
--------
str.join : Standard library version of this method.
Series.str.split : Split strings around given separator/delimiter.
Notes
-----
If any of the list items is not a string object, the result of the join
will be `NaN`.
Examples
--------
Example with a list that contains non-string elements.
>>> s = pd.Series([['lion', 'elephant', 'zebra'],
... [1.1, 2.2, 3.3],
... ['cat', np.nan, 'dog'],
... ['cow', 4.5, 'goat'],
... ['duck', ['swan', 'fish'], 'guppy']])
>>> s
0 [lion, elephant, zebra]
1 [1.1, 2.2, 3.3]
2 [cat, nan, dog]
3 [cow, 4.5, goat]
4 [duck, [swan, fish], guppy]
dtype: object
Join all lists using a '-'. The lists containing object(s) of types other
than str will produce a NaN.
>>> s.str.join('-')
0 lion-elephant-zebra
1 NaN
2 NaN
3 NaN
4 NaN
dtype: object
"""
return _na_map(sep.join, arr, dtype=str)
def str_findall(arr, pat, flags=0):
"""
Find all occurrences of pattern or regular expression in the Series/Index.
Equivalent to applying :func:`re.findall` to all the elements in the
Series/Index.
Parameters
----------
pat : str
Pattern or regular expression.
flags : int, default 0
Flags from ``re`` module, e.g. `re.IGNORECASE` (default is 0, which
means no flags).
Returns
-------
Series/Index of lists of strings
All non-overlapping matches of pattern or regular expression in each
string of this Series/Index.
See Also
--------
count : Count occurrences of pattern or regular expression in each string
of the Series/Index.
extractall : For each string in the Series, extract groups from all matches
of regular expression and return a DataFrame with one row for each
match and one column for each group.
re.findall : The equivalent ``re`` function to all non-overlapping matches
of pattern or regular expression in string, as a list of strings.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(['Lion', 'Monkey', 'Rabbit'])
The search for the pattern 'Monkey' returns one match:
>>> s.str.findall('Monkey')
0 []
1 [Monkey]
2 []
dtype: object
On the other hand, the search for the pattern 'MONKEY' doesn't return any
match:
>>> s.str.findall('MONKEY')
0 []
1 []
2 []
dtype: object
Flags can be added to the pattern or regular expression. For instance,
to find the pattern 'MONKEY' ignoring the case:
>>> import re
>>> s.str.findall('MONKEY', flags=re.IGNORECASE)
0 []
1 [Monkey]
2 []
dtype: object
When the pattern matches more than one string in the Series, all matches
are returned:
>>> s.str.findall('on')
0 [on]
1 [on]
2 []
dtype: object
Regular expressions are supported too. For instance, the search for all the
strings ending with the word 'on' is shown next:
>>> s.str.findall('on$')
0 [on]
1 []
2 []
dtype: object
If the pattern is found more than once in the same string, then a list of
multiple strings is returned:
>>> s.str.findall('b')
0 []
1 []
2 [b, b]
dtype: object
"""
regex = re.compile(pat, flags=flags)
return _na_map(regex.findall, arr)
def str_find(arr, sub, start=0, end=None, side="left"):
"""
Return indexes in each strings in the Series/Index where the
substring is fully contained between [start:end]. Return -1 on failure.
Parameters
----------
sub : str
Substring being searched.
start : int
Left edge index.
end : int
Right edge index.
side : {'left', 'right'}, default 'left'
Specifies a starting side, equivalent to ``find`` or ``rfind``.
Returns
-------
Series or Index
Indexes where substring is found.
"""
if not isinstance(sub, str):
msg = f"expected a string object, not {type(sub).__name__}"
raise TypeError(msg)
if side == "left":
method = "find"
elif side == "right":
method = "rfind"
else: # pragma: no cover
raise ValueError("Invalid side")
if end is None:
f = lambda x: getattr(x, method)(sub, start)
else:
f = lambda x: getattr(x, method)(sub, start, end)
return _na_map(f, arr, dtype=np.dtype("int64"))
def str_index(arr, sub, start=0, end=None, side="left"):
if not isinstance(sub, str):
msg = f"expected a string object, not {type(sub).__name__}"
raise TypeError(msg)
if side == "left":
method = "index"
elif side == "right":
method = "rindex"
else: # pragma: no cover
raise ValueError("Invalid side")
if end is None:
f = lambda x: getattr(x, method)(sub, start)
else:
f = lambda x: getattr(x, method)(sub, start, end)
return _na_map(f, arr, dtype=np.dtype("int64"))
def str_pad(arr, width, side="left", fillchar=" "):
"""
Pad strings in the Series/Index up to width.
Parameters
----------
width : int
Minimum width of resulting string; additional characters will be filled
with character defined in `fillchar`.
side : {'left', 'right', 'both'}, default 'left'
Side from which to fill resulting string.
fillchar : str, default ' '
Additional character for filling, default is whitespace.
Returns
-------
Series or Index of object
Returns Series or Index with minimum number of char in object.
See Also
--------
Series.str.rjust : Fills the left side of strings with an arbitrary
character. Equivalent to ``Series.str.pad(side='left')``.
Series.str.ljust : Fills the right side of strings with an arbitrary
character. Equivalent to ``Series.str.pad(side='right')``.
Series.str.center : Fills boths sides of strings with an arbitrary
character. Equivalent to ``Series.str.pad(side='both')``.
Series.str.zfill : Pad strings in the Series/Index by prepending '0'
character. Equivalent to ``Series.str.pad(side='left', fillchar='0')``.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(["caribou", "tiger"])
>>> s
0 caribou
1 tiger
dtype: object
>>> s.str.pad(width=10)
0 caribou
1 tiger
dtype: object
>>> s.str.pad(width=10, side='right', fillchar='-')
0 caribou---
1 tiger-----
dtype: object
>>> s.str.pad(width=10, side='both', fillchar='-')
0 -caribou--
1 --tiger---
dtype: object
"""
if not isinstance(fillchar, str):
msg = f"fillchar must be a character, not {type(fillchar).__name__}"
raise TypeError(msg)
if len(fillchar) != 1:
raise TypeError("fillchar must be a character, not str")
if not is_integer(width):
msg = f"width must be of integer type, not {type(width).__name__}"
raise TypeError(msg)
if side == "left":
f = lambda x: x.rjust(width, fillchar)
elif side == "right":
f = lambda x: x.ljust(width, fillchar)
elif side == "both":
f = lambda x: x.center(width, fillchar)
else: # pragma: no cover
raise ValueError("Invalid side")
return _na_map(f, arr, dtype=str)
def str_split(arr, pat=None, n=None):
if pat is None:
if n is None or n == 0:
n = -1
f = lambda x: x.split(pat, n)
else:
if len(pat) == 1:
if n is None or n == 0:
n = -1
f = lambda x: x.split(pat, n)
else:
if n is None or n == -1:
n = 0
regex = re.compile(pat)
f = lambda x: regex.split(x, maxsplit=n)
res = _na_map(f, arr)
return res
def str_rsplit(arr, pat=None, n=None):
if n is None or n == 0:
n = -1
f = lambda x: x.rsplit(pat, n)
res = _na_map(f, arr)
return res
def str_slice(arr, start=None, stop=None, step=None):
"""
Slice substrings from each element in the Series or Index.
Parameters
----------
start : int, optional
Start position for slice operation.
stop : int, optional
Stop position for slice operation.
step : int, optional
Step size for slice operation.
Returns
-------
Series or Index of object
Series or Index from sliced substring from original string object.
See Also
--------
Series.str.slice_replace : Replace a slice with a string.
Series.str.get : Return element at position.
Equivalent to `Series.str.slice(start=i, stop=i+1)` with `i`
being the position.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(["koala", "fox", "chameleon"])
>>> s
0 koala
1 fox
2 chameleon
dtype: object
>>> s.str.slice(start=1)
0 oala
1 ox
2 hameleon
dtype: object
>>> s.str.slice(start=-1)
0 a
1 x
2 n
dtype: object
>>> s.str.slice(stop=2)
0 ko
1 fo
2 ch
dtype: object
>>> s.str.slice(step=2)
0 kaa
1 fx
2 caeen
dtype: object
>>> s.str.slice(start=0, stop=5, step=3)
0 kl
1 f
2 cm
dtype: object
Equivalent behaviour to:
>>> s.str[0:5:3]
0 kl
1 f
2 cm
dtype: object
"""
obj = slice(start, stop, step)
f = lambda x: x[obj]
return _na_map(f, arr, dtype=str)
def str_slice_replace(arr, start=None, stop=None, repl=None):
"""
Replace a positional slice of a string with another value.
Parameters
----------
start : int, optional
Left index position to use for the slice. If not specified (None),
the slice is unbounded on the left, i.e. slice from the start
of the string.
stop : int, optional
Right index position to use for the slice. If not specified (None),
the slice is unbounded on the right, i.e. slice until the
end of the string.
repl : str, optional
String for replacement. If not specified (None), the sliced region
is replaced with an empty string.
Returns
-------
Series or Index
Same type as the original object.
See Also
--------
Series.str.slice : Just slicing without replacement.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(['a', 'ab', 'abc', 'abdc', 'abcde'])
>>> s
0 a
1 ab
2 abc
3 abdc
4 abcde
dtype: object
Specify just `start`, meaning replace `start` until the end of the
string with `repl`.
>>> s.str.slice_replace(1, repl='X')
0 aX
1 aX
2 aX
3 aX
4 aX
dtype: object
Specify just `stop`, meaning the start of the string to `stop` is replaced
with `repl`, and the rest of the string is included.
>>> s.str.slice_replace(stop=2, repl='X')
0 X
1 X
2 Xc
3 Xdc
4 Xcde
dtype: object
Specify `start` and `stop`, meaning the slice from `start` to `stop` is
replaced with `repl`. Everything before or after `start` and `stop` is
included as is.
>>> s.str.slice_replace(start=1, stop=3, repl='X')
0 aX
1 aX
2 aX
3 aXc
4 aXde
dtype: object
"""
if repl is None:
repl = ""
def f(x):
if x[start:stop] == "":
local_stop = start
else:
local_stop = stop
y = ""
if start is not None:
y += x[:start]
y += repl
if stop is not None:
y += x[local_stop:]
return y
return _na_map(f, arr, dtype=str)
def str_strip(arr, to_strip=None, side="both"):
"""
Strip whitespace (including newlines) from each string in the
Series/Index.
Parameters
----------
to_strip : str or unicode
side : {'left', 'right', 'both'}, default 'both'
Returns
-------
Series or Index
"""
if side == "both":
f = lambda x: x.strip(to_strip)
elif side == "left":
f = lambda x: x.lstrip(to_strip)
elif side == "right":
f = lambda x: x.rstrip(to_strip)
else: # pragma: no cover
raise ValueError("Invalid side")
return _na_map(f, arr, dtype=str)
def str_wrap(arr, width, **kwargs):
r"""
Wrap strings in Series/Index at specified line width.
This method has the same keyword parameters and defaults as
:class:`textwrap.TextWrapper`.
Parameters
----------
width : int
Maximum line width.
expand_tabs : bool, optional
If True, tab characters will be expanded to spaces (default: True).
replace_whitespace : bool, optional
If True, each whitespace character (as defined by string.whitespace)
remaining after tab expansion will be replaced by a single space
(default: True).
drop_whitespace : bool, optional
If True, whitespace that, after wrapping, happens to end up at the
beginning or end of a line is dropped (default: True).
break_long_words : bool, optional
If True, then words longer than width will be broken in order to ensure
that no lines are longer than width. If it is false, long words will
not be broken, and some lines may be longer than width (default: True).
break_on_hyphens : bool, optional
If True, wrapping will occur preferably on whitespace and right after
hyphens in compound words, as it is customary in English. If false,
only whitespaces will be considered as potentially good places for line
breaks, but you need to set break_long_words to false if you want truly
insecable words (default: True).
Returns
-------
Series or Index
Notes
-----
Internally, this method uses a :class:`textwrap.TextWrapper` instance with
default settings. To achieve behavior matching R's stringr library str_wrap
function, use the arguments:
- expand_tabs = False
- replace_whitespace = True
- drop_whitespace = True
- break_long_words = False
- break_on_hyphens = False
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(['line to be wrapped', 'another line to be wrapped'])
>>> s.str.wrap(12)
0 line to be\nwrapped
1 another line\nto be\nwrapped
dtype: object
"""
kwargs["width"] = width
tw = textwrap.TextWrapper(**kwargs)
return _na_map(lambda s: "\n".join(tw.wrap(s)), arr, dtype=str)
def str_translate(arr, table):
"""
Map all characters in the string through the given mapping table.
Equivalent to standard :meth:`str.translate`.
Parameters
----------
table : dict
Table is a mapping of Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or
None. Unmapped characters are left untouched.
Characters mapped to None are deleted. :meth:`str.maketrans` is a
helper function for making translation tables.
Returns
-------
Series or Index
"""
return _na_map(lambda x: x.translate(table), arr, dtype=str)
def str_get(arr, i):
"""
Extract element from each component at specified position.
Extract element from lists, tuples, or strings in each element in the
Series/Index.
Parameters
----------
i : int
Position of element to extract.
Returns
-------
Series or Index
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(["String",
... (1, 2, 3),
... ["a", "b", "c"],
... 123,
... -456,
... {1: "Hello", "2": "World"}])
>>> s
0 String
1 (1, 2, 3)
2 [a, b, c]
3 123
4 -456
5 {1: 'Hello', '2': 'World'}
dtype: object
>>> s.str.get(1)
0 t
1 2
2 b
3 NaN
4 NaN
5 Hello
dtype: object
>>> s.str.get(-1)
0 g
1 3
2 c
3 NaN
4 NaN
5 None
dtype: object
"""
def f(x):
if isinstance(x, dict):
return x.get(i)
elif len(x) > i >= -len(x):
return x[i]
return np.nan
return _na_map(f, arr)
def str_decode(arr, encoding, errors="strict"):
"""
Decode character string in the Series/Index using indicated encoding.
Equivalent to :meth:`str.decode` in python2 and :meth:`bytes.decode` in
python3.
Parameters
----------
encoding : str
errors : str, optional
Returns
-------
Series or Index
"""
if encoding in _cpython_optimized_decoders:
# CPython optimized implementation
f = lambda x: x.decode(encoding, errors)
else:
decoder = codecs.getdecoder(encoding)
f = lambda x: decoder(x, errors)[0]
return _na_map(f, arr)
def str_encode(arr, encoding, errors="strict"):
"""
Encode character string in the Series/Index using indicated encoding.
Equivalent to :meth:`str.encode`.
Parameters
----------
encoding : str
errors : str, optional
Returns
-------
encoded : Series/Index of objects
"""
if encoding in _cpython_optimized_encoders:
# CPython optimized implementation
f = lambda x: x.encode(encoding, errors)
else:
encoder = codecs.getencoder(encoding)
f = lambda x: encoder(x, errors)[0]
return _na_map(f, arr)
def forbid_nonstring_types(forbidden, name=None):
"""
Decorator to forbid specific types for a method of StringMethods.
For calling `.str.{method}` on a Series or Index, it is necessary to first
initialize the :class:`StringMethods` object, and then call the method.
However, different methods allow different input types, and so this can not
be checked during :meth:`StringMethods.__init__`, but must be done on a
per-method basis. This decorator exists to facilitate this process, and
make it explicit which (inferred) types are disallowed by the method.
:meth:`StringMethods.__init__` allows the *union* of types its different
methods allow (after skipping NaNs; see :meth:`StringMethods._validate`),
namely: ['string', 'empty', 'bytes', 'mixed', 'mixed-integer'].
The default string types ['string', 'empty'] are allowed for all methods.
For the additional types ['bytes', 'mixed', 'mixed-integer'], each method
then needs to forbid the types it is not intended for.
Parameters
----------
forbidden : list-of-str or None
List of forbidden non-string types, may be one or more of
`['bytes', 'mixed', 'mixed-integer']`.
name : str, default None
Name of the method to use in the error message. By default, this is
None, in which case the name from the method being wrapped will be
copied. However, for working with further wrappers (like _pat_wrapper
and _noarg_wrapper), it is necessary to specify the name.
Returns
-------
func : wrapper
The method to which the decorator is applied, with an added check that
enforces the inferred type to not be in the list of forbidden types.
Raises
------
TypeError
If the inferred type of the underlying data is in `forbidden`.
"""
# deal with None
forbidden = [] if forbidden is None else forbidden
allowed_types = {"string", "empty", "bytes", "mixed", "mixed-integer"} - set(
forbidden
)
def _forbid_nonstring_types(func):
func_name = func.__name__ if name is None else name
@wraps(func)
def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
if self._inferred_dtype not in allowed_types:
msg = (
f"Cannot use .str.{func_name} with values of "
f"inferred dtype '{self._inferred_dtype}'."
)
raise TypeError(msg)
return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
wrapper.__name__ = func_name
return wrapper
return _forbid_nonstring_types
def _noarg_wrapper(
f,
name=None,
docstring=None,
forbidden_types=["bytes"],
returns_string=True,
**kwargs,
):
@forbid_nonstring_types(forbidden_types, name=name)
def wrapper(self):
result = _na_map(f, self._parent, **kwargs)
return self._wrap_result(result, returns_string=returns_string)
wrapper.__name__ = f.__name__ if name is None else name
if docstring is not None:
wrapper.__doc__ = docstring
else:
raise ValueError("Provide docstring")
return wrapper
def _pat_wrapper(
f,
flags=False,
na=False,
name=None,
forbidden_types=["bytes"],
returns_string=True,
**kwargs,
):
@forbid_nonstring_types(forbidden_types, name=name)
def wrapper1(self, pat):
result = f(self._parent, pat)
return self._wrap_result(result, returns_string=returns_string)
@forbid_nonstring_types(forbidden_types, name=name)
def wrapper2(self, pat, flags=0, **kwargs):
result = f(self._parent, pat, flags=flags, **kwargs)
return self._wrap_result(result, returns_string=returns_string)
@forbid_nonstring_types(forbidden_types, name=name)
def wrapper3(self, pat, na=np.nan):
result = f(self._parent, pat, na=na)
return self._wrap_result(result, returns_string=returns_string, fill_value=na)
wrapper = wrapper3 if na else wrapper2 if flags else wrapper1
wrapper.__name__ = f.__name__ if name is None else name
if f.__doc__:
wrapper.__doc__ = f.__doc__
return wrapper
def copy(source):
"""Copy a docstring from another source function (if present)"""
def do_copy(target):
if source.__doc__:
target.__doc__ = source.__doc__
return target
return do_copy
class StringMethods(NoNewAttributesMixin):
"""
Vectorized string functions for Series and Index.
NAs stay NA unless handled otherwise by a particular method.
Patterned after Python's string methods, with some inspiration from
R's stringr package.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(["A_Str_Series"])
>>> s
0 A_Str_Series
dtype: object
>>> s.str.split("_")
0 [A, Str, Series]
dtype: object
>>> s.str.replace("_", "")
0 AStrSeries
dtype: object
"""
def __init__(self, data):
self._inferred_dtype = self._validate(data)
self._is_categorical = is_categorical_dtype(data.dtype)
self._is_string = data.dtype.name == "string"
# ._values.categories works for both Series/Index
self._parent = data._values.categories if self._is_categorical else data
# save orig to blow up categoricals to the right type
self._orig = data
self._freeze()
@staticmethod
def _validate(data):
"""
Auxiliary function for StringMethods, infers and checks dtype of data.
This is a "first line of defence" at the creation of the StringMethods-
object (see _make_accessor), and just checks that the dtype is in the
*union* of the allowed types over all string methods below; this
restriction is then refined on a per-method basis using the decorator
@forbid_nonstring_types (more info in the corresponding docstring).
This really should exclude all series/index with any non-string values,
but that isn't practical for performance reasons until we have a str
dtype (GH 9343 / 13877)
Parameters
----------
data : The content of the Series
Returns
-------
dtype : inferred dtype of data
"""
from pandas import StringDtype
if isinstance(data, ABCMultiIndex):
raise AttributeError(
"Can only use .str accessor with Index, not MultiIndex"
)
# see _libs/lib.pyx for list of inferred types
allowed_types = ["string", "empty", "bytes", "mixed", "mixed-integer"]
values = getattr(data, "values", data) # Series / Index
values = getattr(values, "categories", values) # categorical / normal
# explicitly allow StringDtype
if isinstance(values.dtype, StringDtype):
return "string"
try:
inferred_dtype = lib.infer_dtype(values, skipna=True)
except ValueError:
# GH#27571 mostly occurs with ExtensionArray
inferred_dtype = None
if inferred_dtype not in allowed_types:
raise AttributeError("Can only use .str accessor with string values!")
return inferred_dtype
def __getitem__(self, key):
if isinstance(key, slice):
return self.slice(start=key.start, stop=key.stop, step=key.step)
else:
return self.get(key)
def __iter__(self):
warnings.warn(
"Columnar iteration over characters will be deprecated in future releases.",
FutureWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
i = 0
g = self.get(i)
while g.notna().any():
yield g
i += 1
g = self.get(i)
def _wrap_result(
self,
result,
use_codes=True,
name=None,
expand=None,
fill_value=np.nan,
returns_string=True,
):
from pandas import Index, MultiIndex, Series
# for category, we do the stuff on the categories, so blow it up
# to the full series again
# But for some operations, we have to do the stuff on the full values,
# so make it possible to skip this step as the method already did this
# before the transformation...
if use_codes and self._is_categorical:
# if self._orig is a CategoricalIndex, there is no .cat-accessor
result = take_1d(
result, Series(self._orig, copy=False).cat.codes, fill_value=fill_value
)
if not hasattr(result, "ndim") or not hasattr(result, "dtype"):
return result
assert result.ndim < 3
# We can be wrapping a string / object / categorical result, in which
# case we'll want to return the same dtype as the input.
# Or we can be wrapping a numeric output, in which case we don't want
# to return a StringArray.
if self._is_string and returns_string:
dtype = "string"
else:
dtype = None
if expand is None:
# infer from ndim if expand is not specified
expand = result.ndim != 1
elif expand is True and not isinstance(self._orig, ABCIndexClass):
# required when expand=True is explicitly specified
# not needed when inferred
def cons_row(x):
if is_list_like(x):
return x
else:
return [x]
result = [cons_row(x) for x in result]
if result:
# propagate nan values to match longest sequence (GH 18450)
max_len = max(len(x) for x in result)
result = [
x * max_len if len(x) == 0 or x[0] is np.nan else x for x in result
]
if not isinstance(expand, bool):
raise ValueError("expand must be True or False")
if expand is False:
# if expand is False, result should have the same name
# as the original otherwise specified
if name is None:
name = getattr(result, "name", None)
if name is None:
# do not use logical or, _orig may be a DataFrame
# which has "name" column
name = self._orig.name
# Wait until we are sure result is a Series or Index before
# checking attributes (GH 12180)
if isinstance(self._orig, ABCIndexClass):
# if result is a boolean np.array, return the np.array
# instead of wrapping it into a boolean Index (GH 8875)
if is_bool_dtype(result):
return result
if expand:
result = list(result)
out = MultiIndex.from_tuples(result, names=name)
if out.nlevels == 1:
# We had all tuples of length-one, which are
# better represented as a regular Index.
out = out.get_level_values(0)
return out
else:
return Index(result, name=name)
else:
index = self._orig.index
if expand:
cons = self._orig._constructor_expanddim
result = cons(result, columns=name, index=index, dtype=dtype)
else:
# Must be a Series
cons = self._orig._constructor
result = cons(result, name=name, index=index, dtype=dtype)
return result
def _get_series_list(self, others):
"""
Auxiliary function for :meth:`str.cat`. Turn potentially mixed input
into a list of Series (elements without an index must match the length
of the calling Series/Index).
Parameters
----------
others : Series, DataFrame, np.ndarray, list-like or list-like of
Objects that are either Series, Index or np.ndarray (1-dim).
Returns
-------
list of Series
Others transformed into list of Series.
"""
from pandas import DataFrame, Series
# self._orig is either Series or Index
idx = self._orig if isinstance(self._orig, ABCIndexClass) else self._orig.index
# Generally speaking, all objects without an index inherit the index
# `idx` of the calling Series/Index - i.e. must have matching length.
# Objects with an index (i.e. Series/Index/DataFrame) keep their own.
if isinstance(others, ABCSeries):
return [others]
elif isinstance(others, ABCIndexClass):
return [Series(others._values, index=idx)]
elif isinstance(others, ABCDataFrame):
return [others[x] for x in others]
elif isinstance(others, np.ndarray) and others.ndim == 2:
others = DataFrame(others, index=idx)
return [others[x] for x in others]
elif is_list_like(others, allow_sets=False):
others = list(others) # ensure iterators do not get read twice etc
# in case of list-like `others`, all elements must be
# either Series/Index/np.ndarray (1-dim)...
if all(
isinstance(x, (ABCSeries, ABCIndexClass))
or (isinstance(x, np.ndarray) and x.ndim == 1)
for x in others
):
los = []
while others: # iterate through list and append each element
los = los + self._get_series_list(others.pop(0))
return los
# ... or just strings
elif all(not is_list_like(x) for x in others):
return [Series(others, index=idx)]
raise TypeError(
"others must be Series, Index, DataFrame, np.ndarray "
"or list-like (either containing only strings or "
"containing only objects of type Series/Index/"
"np.ndarray[1-dim])"
)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes", "mixed", "mixed-integer"])
def cat(self, others=None, sep=None, na_rep=None, join="left"):
"""
Concatenate strings in the Series/Index with given separator.
If `others` is specified, this function concatenates the Series/Index
and elements of `others` element-wise.
If `others` is not passed, then all values in the Series/Index are
concatenated into a single string with a given `sep`.
Parameters
----------
others : Series, Index, DataFrame, np.ndarray or list-like
Series, Index, DataFrame, np.ndarray (one- or two-dimensional) and
other list-likes of strings must have the same length as the
calling Series/Index, with the exception of indexed objects (i.e.
Series/Index/DataFrame) if `join` is not None.
If others is a list-like that contains a combination of Series,
Index or np.ndarray (1-dim), then all elements will be unpacked and
must satisfy the above criteria individually.
If others is None, the method returns the concatenation of all
strings in the calling Series/Index.
sep : str, default ''
The separator between the different elements/columns. By default
the empty string `''` is used.
na_rep : str or None, default None
Representation that is inserted for all missing values:
- If `na_rep` is None, and `others` is None, missing values in the
Series/Index are omitted from the result.
- If `na_rep` is None, and `others` is not None, a row containing a
missing value in any of the columns (before concatenation) will
have a missing value in the result.
join : {'left', 'right', 'outer', 'inner'}, default 'left'
Determines the join-style between the calling Series/Index and any
Series/Index/DataFrame in `others` (objects without an index need
to match the length of the calling Series/Index). To disable
alignment, use `.values` on any Series/Index/DataFrame in `others`.
.. versionadded:: 0.23.0
.. versionchanged:: 1.0.0
Changed default of `join` from None to `'left'`.
Returns
-------
str, Series or Index
If `others` is None, `str` is returned, otherwise a `Series/Index`
(same type as caller) of objects is returned.
See Also
--------
split : Split each string in the Series/Index.
join : Join lists contained as elements in the Series/Index.
Examples
--------
When not passing `others`, all values are concatenated into a single
string:
>>> s = pd.Series(['a', 'b', np.nan, 'd'])
>>> s.str.cat(sep=' ')
'a b d'
By default, NA values in the Series are ignored. Using `na_rep`, they
can be given a representation:
>>> s.str.cat(sep=' ', na_rep='?')
'a b ? d'
If `others` is specified, corresponding values are concatenated with
the separator. Result will be a Series of strings.
>>> s.str.cat(['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'], sep=',')
0 a,A
1 b,B
2 NaN
3 d,D
dtype: object
Missing values will remain missing in the result, but can again be
represented using `na_rep`
>>> s.str.cat(['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'], sep=',', na_rep='-')
0 a,A
1 b,B
2 -,C
3 d,D
dtype: object
If `sep` is not specified, the values are concatenated without
separation.
>>> s.str.cat(['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'], na_rep='-')
0 aA
1 bB
2 -C
3 dD
dtype: object
Series with different indexes can be aligned before concatenation. The
`join`-keyword works as in other methods.
>>> t = pd.Series(['d', 'a', 'e', 'c'], index=[3, 0, 4, 2])
>>> s.str.cat(t, join='left', na_rep='-')
0 aa
1 b-
2 -c
3 dd
dtype: object
>>>
>>> s.str.cat(t, join='outer', na_rep='-')
0 aa
1 b-
2 -c
3 dd
4 -e
dtype: object
>>>
>>> s.str.cat(t, join='inner', na_rep='-')
0 aa
2 -c
3 dd
dtype: object
>>>
>>> s.str.cat(t, join='right', na_rep='-')
3 dd
0 aa
4 -e
2 -c
dtype: object
For more examples, see :ref:`here <text.concatenate>`.
"""
from pandas import Index, Series, concat
if isinstance(others, str):
raise ValueError("Did you mean to supply a `sep` keyword?")
if sep is None:
sep = ""
if isinstance(self._orig, ABCIndexClass):
data = Series(self._orig, index=self._orig)
else: # Series
data = self._orig
# concatenate Series/Index with itself if no "others"
if others is None:
data = ensure_object(data)
na_mask = isna(data)
if na_rep is None and na_mask.any():
data = data[~na_mask]
elif na_rep is not None and na_mask.any():
data = np.where(na_mask, na_rep, data)
return sep.join(data)
try:
# turn anything in "others" into lists of Series
others = self._get_series_list(others)
except ValueError as err: # do not catch TypeError raised by _get_series_list
raise ValueError(
"If `others` contains arrays or lists (or other "
"list-likes without an index), these must all be "
"of the same length as the calling Series/Index."
) from err
# align if required
if any(not data.index.equals(x.index) for x in others):
# Need to add keys for uniqueness in case of duplicate columns
others = concat(
others,
axis=1,
join=(join if join == "inner" else "outer"),
keys=range(len(others)),
sort=False,
copy=False,
)
data, others = data.align(others, join=join)
others = [others[x] for x in others] # again list of Series
all_cols = [ensure_object(x) for x in [data] + others]
na_masks = np.array([isna(x) for x in all_cols])
union_mask = np.logical_or.reduce(na_masks, axis=0)
if na_rep is None and union_mask.any():
# no na_rep means NaNs for all rows where any column has a NaN
# only necessary if there are actually any NaNs
result = np.empty(len(data), dtype=object)
np.putmask(result, union_mask, np.nan)
not_masked = ~union_mask
result[not_masked] = cat_safe([x[not_masked] for x in all_cols], sep)
elif na_rep is not None and union_mask.any():
# fill NaNs with na_rep in case there are actually any NaNs
all_cols = [
np.where(nm, na_rep, col) for nm, col in zip(na_masks, all_cols)
]
result = cat_safe(all_cols, sep)
else:
# no NaNs - can just concatenate
result = cat_safe(all_cols, sep)
if isinstance(self._orig, ABCIndexClass):
# add dtype for case that result is all-NA
result = Index(result, dtype=object, name=self._orig.name)
else: # Series
if is_categorical_dtype(self._orig.dtype):
# We need to infer the new categories.
dtype = None
else:
dtype = self._orig.dtype
result = Series(result, dtype=dtype, index=data.index, name=self._orig.name)
return result
_shared_docs[
"str_split"
] = r"""
Split strings around given separator/delimiter.
Splits the string in the Series/Index from the %(side)s,
at the specified delimiter string. Equivalent to :meth:`str.%(method)s`.
Parameters
----------
pat : str, optional
String or regular expression to split on.
If not specified, split on whitespace.
n : int, default -1 (all)
Limit number of splits in output.
``None``, 0 and -1 will be interpreted as return all splits.
expand : bool, default False
Expand the split strings into separate columns.
* If ``True``, return DataFrame/MultiIndex expanding dimensionality.
* If ``False``, return Series/Index, containing lists of strings.
Returns
-------
Series, Index, DataFrame or MultiIndex
Type matches caller unless ``expand=True`` (see Notes).
See Also
--------
Series.str.split : Split strings around given separator/delimiter.
Series.str.rsplit : Splits string around given separator/delimiter,
starting from the right.
Series.str.join : Join lists contained as elements in the Series/Index
with passed delimiter.
str.split : Standard library version for split.
str.rsplit : Standard library version for rsplit.
Notes
-----
The handling of the `n` keyword depends on the number of found splits:
- If found splits > `n`, make first `n` splits only
- If found splits <= `n`, make all splits
- If for a certain row the number of found splits < `n`,
append `None` for padding up to `n` if ``expand=True``
If using ``expand=True``, Series and Index callers return DataFrame and
MultiIndex objects, respectively.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(
... [
... "this is a regular sentence",
... "https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/index.html",
... np.nan
... ]
... )
>>> s
0 this is a regular sentence
1 https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/index.html
2 NaN
dtype: object
In the default setting, the string is split by whitespace.
>>> s.str.split()
0 [this, is, a, regular, sentence]
1 [https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/index.html]
2 NaN
dtype: object
Without the `n` parameter, the outputs of `rsplit` and `split`
are identical.
>>> s.str.rsplit()
0 [this, is, a, regular, sentence]
1 [https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/index.html]
2 NaN
dtype: object
The `n` parameter can be used to limit the number of splits on the
delimiter. The outputs of `split` and `rsplit` are different.
>>> s.str.split(n=2)
0 [this, is, a regular sentence]
1 [https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/index.html]
2 NaN
dtype: object
>>> s.str.rsplit(n=2)
0 [this is a, regular, sentence]
1 [https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/index.html]
2 NaN
dtype: object
The `pat` parameter can be used to split by other characters.
>>> s.str.split(pat="/")
0 [this is a regular sentence]
1 [https:, , docs.python.org, 3, tutorial, index...
2 NaN
dtype: object
When using ``expand=True``, the split elements will expand out into
separate columns. If NaN is present, it is propagated throughout
the columns during the split.
>>> s.str.split(expand=True)
0 1 2 3 4
0 this is a regular sentence
1 https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/index.html None None None None
2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
For slightly more complex use cases like splitting the html document name
from a url, a combination of parameter settings can be used.
>>> s.str.rsplit("/", n=1, expand=True)
0 1
0 this is a regular sentence None
1 https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial index.html
2 NaN NaN
Remember to escape special characters when explicitly using regular
expressions.
>>> s = pd.Series(["1+1=2"])
>>> s
0 1+1=2
dtype: object
>>> s.str.split(r"\+|=", expand=True)
0 1 2
0 1 1 2
"""
@Appender(_shared_docs["str_split"] % {"side": "beginning", "method": "split"})
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def split(self, pat=None, n=-1, expand=False):
result = str_split(self._parent, pat, n=n)
return self._wrap_result(result, expand=expand, returns_string=expand)
@Appender(_shared_docs["str_split"] % {"side": "end", "method": "rsplit"})
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def rsplit(self, pat=None, n=-1, expand=False):
result = str_rsplit(self._parent, pat, n=n)
return self._wrap_result(result, expand=expand, returns_string=expand)
_shared_docs[
"str_partition"
] = """
Split the string at the %(side)s occurrence of `sep`.
This method splits the string at the %(side)s occurrence of `sep`,
and returns 3 elements containing the part before the separator,
the separator itself, and the part after the separator.
If the separator is not found, return %(return)s.
Parameters
----------
sep : str, default whitespace
String to split on.
expand : bool, default True
If True, return DataFrame/MultiIndex expanding dimensionality.
If False, return Series/Index.
Returns
-------
DataFrame/MultiIndex or Series/Index of objects
See Also
--------
%(also)s
Series.str.split : Split strings around given separators.
str.partition : Standard library version.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(['Linda van der Berg', 'George Pitt-Rivers'])
>>> s
0 Linda van der Berg
1 George Pitt-Rivers
dtype: object
>>> s.str.partition()
0 1 2
0 Linda van der Berg
1 George Pitt-Rivers
To partition by the last space instead of the first one:
>>> s.str.rpartition()
0 1 2
0 Linda van der Berg
1 George Pitt-Rivers
To partition by something different than a space:
>>> s.str.partition('-')
0 1 2
0 Linda van der Berg
1 George Pitt - Rivers
To return a Series containing tuples instead of a DataFrame:
>>> s.str.partition('-', expand=False)
0 (Linda van der Berg, , )
1 (George Pitt, -, Rivers)
dtype: object
Also available on indices:
>>> idx = pd.Index(['X 123', 'Y 999'])
>>> idx
Index(['X 123', 'Y 999'], dtype='object')
Which will create a MultiIndex:
>>> idx.str.partition()
MultiIndex([('X', ' ', '123'),
('Y', ' ', '999')],
)
Or an index with tuples with ``expand=False``:
>>> idx.str.partition(expand=False)
Index([('X', ' ', '123'), ('Y', ' ', '999')], dtype='object')
"""
@Appender(
_shared_docs["str_partition"]
% {
"side": "first",
"return": "3 elements containing the string itself, followed by two "
"empty strings",
"also": "rpartition : Split the string at the last occurrence of `sep`.",
}
)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def partition(self, sep=" ", expand=True):
f = lambda x: x.partition(sep)
result = _na_map(f, self._parent)
return self._wrap_result(result, expand=expand, returns_string=expand)
@Appender(
_shared_docs["str_partition"]
% {
"side": "last",
"return": "3 elements containing two empty strings, followed by the "
"string itself",
"also": "partition : Split the string at the first occurrence of `sep`.",
}
)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def rpartition(self, sep=" ", expand=True):
f = lambda x: x.rpartition(sep)
result = _na_map(f, self._parent)
return self._wrap_result(result, expand=expand, returns_string=expand)
@copy(str_get)
def get(self, i):
result = str_get(self._parent, i)
return self._wrap_result(result)
@copy(str_join)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def join(self, sep):
result = str_join(self._parent, sep)
return self._wrap_result(result)
@copy(str_contains)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def contains(self, pat, case=True, flags=0, na=np.nan, regex=True):
result = str_contains(
self._parent, pat, case=case, flags=flags, na=na, regex=regex
)
return self._wrap_result(result, fill_value=na, returns_string=False)
@copy(str_match)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def match(self, pat, case=True, flags=0, na=np.nan):
result = str_match(self._parent, pat, case=case, flags=flags, na=na)
return self._wrap_result(result, fill_value=na, returns_string=False)
@copy(str_fullmatch)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def fullmatch(self, pat, case=True, flags=0, na=np.nan):
result = str_fullmatch(self._parent, pat, case=case, flags=flags, na=na)
return self._wrap_result(result, fill_value=na, returns_string=False)
@copy(str_replace)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def replace(self, pat, repl, n=-1, case=None, flags=0, regex=True):
result = str_replace(
self._parent, pat, repl, n=n, case=case, flags=flags, regex=regex
)
return self._wrap_result(result)
@copy(str_repeat)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def repeat(self, repeats):
result = str_repeat(self._parent, repeats)
return self._wrap_result(result)
@copy(str_pad)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def pad(self, width, side="left", fillchar=" "):
result = str_pad(self._parent, width, side=side, fillchar=fillchar)
return self._wrap_result(result)
_shared_docs[
"str_pad"
] = """
Pad %(side)s side of strings in the Series/Index.
Equivalent to :meth:`str.%(method)s`.
Parameters
----------
width : int
Minimum width of resulting string; additional characters will be filled
with ``fillchar``.
fillchar : str
Additional character for filling, default is whitespace.
Returns
-------
filled : Series/Index of objects.
"""
@Appender(_shared_docs["str_pad"] % dict(side="left and right", method="center"))
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def center(self, width, fillchar=" "):
return self.pad(width, side="both", fillchar=fillchar)
@Appender(_shared_docs["str_pad"] % dict(side="right", method="ljust"))
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def ljust(self, width, fillchar=" "):
return self.pad(width, side="right", fillchar=fillchar)
@Appender(_shared_docs["str_pad"] % dict(side="left", method="rjust"))
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def rjust(self, width, fillchar=" "):
return self.pad(width, side="left", fillchar=fillchar)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def zfill(self, width):
"""
Pad strings in the Series/Index by prepending '0' characters.
Strings in the Series/Index are padded with '0' characters on the
left of the string to reach a total string length `width`. Strings
in the Series/Index with length greater or equal to `width` are
unchanged.
Parameters
----------
width : int
Minimum length of resulting string; strings with length less
than `width` be prepended with '0' characters.
Returns
-------
Series/Index of objects.
See Also
--------
Series.str.rjust : Fills the left side of strings with an arbitrary
character.
Series.str.ljust : Fills the right side of strings with an arbitrary
character.
Series.str.pad : Fills the specified sides of strings with an arbitrary
character.
Series.str.center : Fills boths sides of strings with an arbitrary
character.
Notes
-----
Differs from :meth:`str.zfill` which has special handling
for '+'/'-' in the string.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(['-1', '1', '1000', 10, np.nan])
>>> s
0 -1
1 1
2 1000
3 10
4 NaN
dtype: object
Note that ``10`` and ``NaN`` are not strings, therefore they are
converted to ``NaN``. The minus sign in ``'-1'`` is treated as a
regular character and the zero is added to the left of it
(:meth:`str.zfill` would have moved it to the left). ``1000``
remains unchanged as it is longer than `width`.
>>> s.str.zfill(3)
0 0-1
1 001
2 1000
3 NaN
4 NaN
dtype: object
"""
result = str_pad(self._parent, width, side="left", fillchar="0")
return self._wrap_result(result)
@copy(str_slice)
def slice(self, start=None, stop=None, step=None):
result = str_slice(self._parent, start, stop, step)
return self._wrap_result(result)
@copy(str_slice_replace)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def slice_replace(self, start=None, stop=None, repl=None):
result = str_slice_replace(self._parent, start, stop, repl)
return self._wrap_result(result)
@copy(str_decode)
def decode(self, encoding, errors="strict"):
# need to allow bytes here
result = str_decode(self._parent, encoding, errors)
# TODO: Not sure how to handle this.
return self._wrap_result(result, returns_string=False)
@copy(str_encode)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def encode(self, encoding, errors="strict"):
result = str_encode(self._parent, encoding, errors)
return self._wrap_result(result, returns_string=False)
_shared_docs[
"str_strip"
] = r"""
Remove %(position)s characters.
Strip whitespaces (including newlines) or a set of specified characters
from each string in the Series/Index from %(side)s.
Equivalent to :meth:`str.%(method)s`.
Parameters
----------
to_strip : str or None, default None
Specifying the set of characters to be removed.
All combinations of this set of characters will be stripped.
If None then whitespaces are removed.
Returns
-------
Series or Index of object
See Also
--------
Series.str.strip : Remove leading and trailing characters in Series/Index.
Series.str.lstrip : Remove leading characters in Series/Index.
Series.str.rstrip : Remove trailing characters in Series/Index.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(['1. Ant. ', '2. Bee!\n', '3. Cat?\t', np.nan])
>>> s
0 1. Ant.
1 2. Bee!\n
2 3. Cat?\t
3 NaN
dtype: object
>>> s.str.strip()
0 1. Ant.
1 2. Bee!
2 3. Cat?
3 NaN
dtype: object
>>> s.str.lstrip('123.')
0 Ant.
1 Bee!\n
2 Cat?\t
3 NaN
dtype: object
>>> s.str.rstrip('.!? \n\t')
0 1. Ant
1 2. Bee
2 3. Cat
3 NaN
dtype: object
>>> s.str.strip('123.!? \n\t')
0 Ant
1 Bee
2 Cat
3 NaN
dtype: object
"""
@Appender(
_shared_docs["str_strip"]
% dict(
side="left and right sides", method="strip", position="leading and trailing"
)
)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def strip(self, to_strip=None):
result = str_strip(self._parent, to_strip, side="both")
return self._wrap_result(result)
@Appender(
_shared_docs["str_strip"]
% dict(side="left side", method="lstrip", position="leading")
)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def lstrip(self, to_strip=None):
result = str_strip(self._parent, to_strip, side="left")
return self._wrap_result(result)
@Appender(
_shared_docs["str_strip"]
% dict(side="right side", method="rstrip", position="trailing")
)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def rstrip(self, to_strip=None):
result = str_strip(self._parent, to_strip, side="right")
return self._wrap_result(result)
@copy(str_wrap)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def wrap(self, width, **kwargs):
result = str_wrap(self._parent, width, **kwargs)
return self._wrap_result(result)
@copy(str_get_dummies)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def get_dummies(self, sep="|"):
# we need to cast to Series of strings as only that has all
# methods available for making the dummies...
data = self._orig.astype(str) if self._is_categorical else self._parent
result, name = str_get_dummies(data, sep)
return self._wrap_result(
result,
use_codes=(not self._is_categorical),
name=name,
expand=True,
returns_string=False,
)
@copy(str_translate)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def translate(self, table):
result = str_translate(self._parent, table)
return self._wrap_result(result)
count = _pat_wrapper(str_count, flags=True, name="count", returns_string=False)
startswith = _pat_wrapper(
str_startswith, na=True, name="startswith", returns_string=False
)
endswith = _pat_wrapper(
str_endswith, na=True, name="endswith", returns_string=False
)
findall = _pat_wrapper(
str_findall, flags=True, name="findall", returns_string=False
)
@copy(str_extract)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def extract(self, pat, flags=0, expand=True):
return str_extract(self, pat, flags=flags, expand=expand)
@copy(str_extractall)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def extractall(self, pat, flags=0):
return str_extractall(self._orig, pat, flags=flags)
_shared_docs[
"find"
] = """
Return %(side)s indexes in each strings in the Series/Index.
Each of returned indexes corresponds to the position where the
substring is fully contained between [start:end]. Return -1 on
failure. Equivalent to standard :meth:`str.%(method)s`.
Parameters
----------
sub : str
Substring being searched.
start : int
Left edge index.
end : int
Right edge index.
Returns
-------
Series or Index of int.
See Also
--------
%(also)s
"""
@Appender(
_shared_docs["find"]
% dict(
side="lowest",
method="find",
also="rfind : Return highest indexes in each strings.",
)
)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def find(self, sub, start=0, end=None):
result = str_find(self._parent, sub, start=start, end=end, side="left")
return self._wrap_result(result, returns_string=False)
@Appender(
_shared_docs["find"]
% dict(
side="highest",
method="rfind",
also="find : Return lowest indexes in each strings.",
)
)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def rfind(self, sub, start=0, end=None):
result = str_find(self._parent, sub, start=start, end=end, side="right")
return self._wrap_result(result, returns_string=False)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def normalize(self, form):
"""
Return the Unicode normal form for the strings in the Series/Index.
For more information on the forms, see the
:func:`unicodedata.normalize`.
Parameters
----------
form : {'NFC', 'NFKC', 'NFD', 'NFKD'}
Unicode form.
Returns
-------
normalized : Series/Index of objects
"""
import unicodedata
f = lambda x: unicodedata.normalize(form, x)
result = _na_map(f, self._parent, dtype=str)
return self._wrap_result(result)
_shared_docs[
"index"
] = """
Return %(side)s indexes in each string in Series/Index.
Each of the returned indexes corresponds to the position where the
substring is fully contained between [start:end]. This is the same
as ``str.%(similar)s`` except instead of returning -1, it raises a
ValueError when the substring is not found. Equivalent to standard
``str.%(method)s``.
Parameters
----------
sub : str
Substring being searched.
start : int
Left edge index.
end : int
Right edge index.
Returns
-------
Series or Index of object
See Also
--------
%(also)s
"""
@Appender(
_shared_docs["index"]
% dict(
side="lowest",
similar="find",
method="index",
also="rindex : Return highest indexes in each strings.",
)
)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def index(self, sub, start=0, end=None):
result = str_index(self._parent, sub, start=start, end=end, side="left")
return self._wrap_result(result, returns_string=False)
@Appender(
_shared_docs["index"]
% dict(
side="highest",
similar="rfind",
method="rindex",
also="index : Return lowest indexes in each strings.",
)
)
@forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
def rindex(self, sub, start=0, end=None):
result = str_index(self._parent, sub, start=start, end=end, side="right")
return self._wrap_result(result, returns_string=False)
_shared_docs[
"len"
] = """
Compute the length of each element in the Series/Index.
The element may be a sequence (such as a string, tuple or list) or a collection
(such as a dictionary).
Returns
-------
Series or Index of int
A Series or Index of integer values indicating the length of each
element in the Series or Index.
See Also
--------
str.len : Python built-in function returning the length of an object.
Series.size : Returns the length of the Series.
Examples
--------
Returns the length (number of characters) in a string. Returns the
number of entries for dictionaries, lists or tuples.
>>> s = pd.Series(['dog',
... '',
... 5,
... {'foo' : 'bar'},
... [2, 3, 5, 7],
... ('one', 'two', 'three')])
>>> s
0 dog
1
2 5
3 {'foo': 'bar'}
4 [2, 3, 5, 7]
5 (one, two, three)
dtype: object
>>> s.str.len()
0 3.0
1 0.0
2 NaN
3 1.0
4 4.0
5 3.0
dtype: float64
"""
len = _noarg_wrapper(
len,
docstring=_shared_docs["len"],
forbidden_types=None,
dtype=np.dtype("int64"),
returns_string=False,
)
_shared_docs[
"casemethods"
] = """
Convert strings in the Series/Index to %(type)s.
%(version)s
Equivalent to :meth:`str.%(method)s`.
Returns
-------
Series or Index of object
See Also
--------
Series.str.lower : Converts all characters to lowercase.
Series.str.upper : Converts all characters to uppercase.
Series.str.title : Converts first character of each word to uppercase and
remaining to lowercase.
Series.str.capitalize : Converts first character to uppercase and
remaining to lowercase.
Series.str.swapcase : Converts uppercase to lowercase and lowercase to
uppercase.
Series.str.casefold: Removes all case distinctions in the string.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(['lower', 'CAPITALS', 'this is a sentence', 'SwApCaSe'])
>>> s
0 lower
1 CAPITALS
2 this is a sentence
3 SwApCaSe
dtype: object
>>> s.str.lower()
0 lower
1 capitals
2 this is a sentence
3 swapcase
dtype: object
>>> s.str.upper()
0 LOWER
1 CAPITALS
2 THIS IS A SENTENCE
3 SWAPCASE
dtype: object
>>> s.str.title()
0 Lower
1 Capitals
2 This Is A Sentence
3 Swapcase
dtype: object
>>> s.str.capitalize()
0 Lower
1 Capitals
2 This is a sentence
3 Swapcase
dtype: object
>>> s.str.swapcase()
0 LOWER
1 capitals
2 THIS IS A SENTENCE
3 sWaPcAsE
dtype: object
"""
# _doc_args holds dict of strings to use in substituting casemethod docs
_doc_args: Dict[str, Dict[str, str]] = {}
_doc_args["lower"] = dict(type="lowercase", method="lower", version="")
_doc_args["upper"] = dict(type="uppercase", method="upper", version="")
_doc_args["title"] = dict(type="titlecase", method="title", version="")
_doc_args["capitalize"] = dict(
type="be capitalized", method="capitalize", version=""
)
_doc_args["swapcase"] = dict(type="be swapcased", method="swapcase", version="")
_doc_args["casefold"] = dict(
type="be casefolded",
method="casefold",
version="\n .. versionadded:: 0.25.0\n",
)
lower = _noarg_wrapper(
lambda x: x.lower(),
name="lower",
docstring=_shared_docs["casemethods"] % _doc_args["lower"],
dtype=str,
)
upper = _noarg_wrapper(
lambda x: x.upper(),
name="upper",
docstring=_shared_docs["casemethods"] % _doc_args["upper"],
dtype=str,
)
title = _noarg_wrapper(
lambda x: x.title(),
name="title",
docstring=_shared_docs["casemethods"] % _doc_args["title"],
dtype=str,
)
capitalize = _noarg_wrapper(
lambda x: x.capitalize(),
name="capitalize",
docstring=_shared_docs["casemethods"] % _doc_args["capitalize"],
dtype=str,
)
swapcase = _noarg_wrapper(
lambda x: x.swapcase(),
name="swapcase",
docstring=_shared_docs["casemethods"] % _doc_args["swapcase"],
dtype=str,
)
casefold = _noarg_wrapper(
lambda x: x.casefold(),
name="casefold",
docstring=_shared_docs["casemethods"] % _doc_args["casefold"],
dtype=str,
)
_shared_docs[
"ismethods"
] = """
Check whether all characters in each string are %(type)s.
This is equivalent to running the Python string method
:meth:`str.%(method)s` for each element of the Series/Index. If a string
has zero characters, ``False`` is returned for that check.
Returns
-------
Series or Index of bool
Series or Index of boolean values with the same length as the original
Series/Index.
See Also
--------
Series.str.isalpha : Check whether all characters are alphabetic.
Series.str.isnumeric : Check whether all characters are numeric.
Series.str.isalnum : Check whether all characters are alphanumeric.
Series.str.isdigit : Check whether all characters are digits.
Series.str.isdecimal : Check whether all characters are decimal.
Series.str.isspace : Check whether all characters are whitespace.
Series.str.islower : Check whether all characters are lowercase.
Series.str.isupper : Check whether all characters are uppercase.
Series.str.istitle : Check whether all characters are titlecase.
Examples
--------
**Checks for Alphabetic and Numeric Characters**
>>> s1 = pd.Series(['one', 'one1', '1', ''])
>>> s1.str.isalpha()
0 True
1 False
2 False
3 False
dtype: bool
>>> s1.str.isnumeric()
0 False
1 False
2 True
3 False
dtype: bool
>>> s1.str.isalnum()
0 True
1 True
2 True
3 False
dtype: bool
Note that checks against characters mixed with any additional punctuation
or whitespace will evaluate to false for an alphanumeric check.
>>> s2 = pd.Series(['A B', '1.5', '3,000'])
>>> s2.str.isalnum()
0 False
1 False
2 False
dtype: bool
**More Detailed Checks for Numeric Characters**
There are several different but overlapping sets of numeric characters that
can be checked for.
>>> s3 = pd.Series(['23', '³', '⅕', ''])
The ``s3.str.isdecimal`` method checks for characters used to form numbers
in base 10.
>>> s3.str.isdecimal()
0 True
1 False
2 False
3 False
dtype: bool
The ``s.str.isdigit`` method is the same as ``s3.str.isdecimal`` but also
includes special digits, like superscripted and subscripted digits in
unicode.
>>> s3.str.isdigit()
0 True
1 True
2 False
3 False
dtype: bool
The ``s.str.isnumeric`` method is the same as ``s3.str.isdigit`` but also
includes other characters that can represent quantities such as unicode
fractions.
>>> s3.str.isnumeric()
0 True
1 True
2 True
3 False
dtype: bool
**Checks for Whitespace**
>>> s4 = pd.Series([' ', '\\t\\r\\n ', ''])
>>> s4.str.isspace()
0 True
1 True
2 False
dtype: bool
**Checks for Character Case**
>>> s5 = pd.Series(['leopard', 'Golden Eagle', 'SNAKE', ''])
>>> s5.str.islower()
0 True
1 False
2 False
3 False
dtype: bool
>>> s5.str.isupper()
0 False
1 False
2 True
3 False
dtype: bool
The ``s5.str.istitle`` method checks for whether all words are in title
case (whether only the first letter of each word is capitalized). Words are
assumed to be as any sequence of non-numeric characters separated by
whitespace characters.
>>> s5.str.istitle()
0 False
1 True
2 False
3 False
dtype: bool
"""
_doc_args["isalnum"] = dict(type="alphanumeric", method="isalnum")
_doc_args["isalpha"] = dict(type="alphabetic", method="isalpha")
_doc_args["isdigit"] = dict(type="digits", method="isdigit")
_doc_args["isspace"] = dict(type="whitespace", method="isspace")
_doc_args["islower"] = dict(type="lowercase", method="islower")
_doc_args["isupper"] = dict(type="uppercase", method="isupper")
_doc_args["istitle"] = dict(type="titlecase", method="istitle")
_doc_args["isnumeric"] = dict(type="numeric", method="isnumeric")
_doc_args["isdecimal"] = dict(type="decimal", method="isdecimal")
# force _noarg_wrapper return type with dtype=np.dtype(bool) (GH 29624)
isalnum = _noarg_wrapper(
lambda x: x.isalnum(),
name="isalnum",
docstring=_shared_docs["ismethods"] % _doc_args["isalnum"],
returns_string=False,
dtype=np.dtype(bool),
)
isalpha = _noarg_wrapper(
lambda x: x.isalpha(),
name="isalpha",
docstring=_shared_docs["ismethods"] % _doc_args["isalpha"],
returns_string=False,
dtype=np.dtype(bool),
)
isdigit = _noarg_wrapper(
lambda x: x.isdigit(),
name="isdigit",
docstring=_shared_docs["ismethods"] % _doc_args["isdigit"],
returns_string=False,
dtype=np.dtype(bool),
)
isspace = _noarg_wrapper(
lambda x: x.isspace(),
name="isspace",
docstring=_shared_docs["ismethods"] % _doc_args["isspace"],
returns_string=False,
dtype=np.dtype(bool),
)
islower = _noarg_wrapper(
lambda x: x.islower(),
name="islower",
docstring=_shared_docs["ismethods"] % _doc_args["islower"],
returns_string=False,
dtype=np.dtype(bool),
)
isupper = _noarg_wrapper(
lambda x: x.isupper(),
name="isupper",
docstring=_shared_docs["ismethods"] % _doc_args["isupper"],
returns_string=False,
dtype=np.dtype(bool),
)
istitle = _noarg_wrapper(
lambda x: x.istitle(),
name="istitle",
docstring=_shared_docs["ismethods"] % _doc_args["istitle"],
returns_string=False,
dtype=np.dtype(bool),
)
isnumeric = _noarg_wrapper(
lambda x: x.isnumeric(),
name="isnumeric",
docstring=_shared_docs["ismethods"] % _doc_args["isnumeric"],
returns_string=False,
dtype=np.dtype(bool),
)
isdecimal = _noarg_wrapper(
lambda x: x.isdecimal(),
name="isdecimal",
docstring=_shared_docs["ismethods"] % _doc_args["isdecimal"],
returns_string=False,
dtype=np.dtype(bool),
)
@classmethod
def _make_accessor(cls, data):
cls._validate(data)
return cls(data)